N4-G-077

Verb＋させられる (Forced to do [Verb] / Made to do)

Peripheral / Expressing Unwilling Forced Action

👀 Layer A: Visual Guide

📝 Quick Summary

The Causative-Passive Form (使役受身形 – しえきうけみけい) combines the Causative form (“make do”) and Passive form (“be done to”). It expresses that someone was forced or made to do an action against their will, typically carrying a nuance of annoyance, hardship, or reluctance.

Structure:
・Group 1 (u-verbs): Verb stem (-u ➡️ -a) + される (or せられる) (e.g. かく ➡️ かかされる)
・Group 1 (-su verbs): Verb stem (-u ➡️ -a) + させられる (e.g. はなす ➡️ はなささせられる)
・Group 2 (ru-verbs): Verb stem (drop る) + させられる (e.g. たべる ➡️ たべさせられる)
・Group 3 (irregular): くる ➡️ こさせられる / する ➡️ させられる
Example 1: わたしはぶちょうにおさけを のまされました (I was forced to drink alcohol by my manager).
Example 2: わたしはともだちに 1じかんも またされました (I was made to wait for an hour by my friend).

🔗 Connected Grammar:

🔍 Layer B: Deepening

💡 Raya’s Hack

The Group 1 Shortened Form: 〜される!
In natural spoken and written Japanese, Group 1 causative-passive verbs drop the *-se-* and contract from *-aserareru* to -asareru:

– 書く (kaku) ➡️ かかせられる ➡️ かかされる (kaka-sareru: was forced to write)
– 飲む (nomu) ➡️ のませられる ➡️ のまされる (noma-sareru: was forced to drink)
– 待つ (matsu) ➡️ またせられる ➡️ またされる (mata-sareru: was forced to wait)

CRITICAL EXCEPTION: Verbs ending in す (su) like 話す (hanasu) or 出す (dasu) CANNOT use the shortened form! They must retain the full form: 話ささせられる (hanasa-saserarel).

🚧 Joy’s Mistake

Scene: Joy wants to complain that his friend made him wait for an hour.

Joy: 「ともだちに 1じかんも またれました。」
(Tomodachi ni 1-jikan mo mataremashita.)

❌ Used standard passive (〜られる) instead of causative-passive!

Why?

Joy used regular passive mataremashita (“was waited on”). To express that someone forced or caused you to perform an unwanted action (“was made to wait”), you MUST use the Causative-Passive form またされました (mata-saremashita).

Correct: 「ともだちに 1じかんもまたされました。」 (I was forced to wait for 1 hour by my friend.)