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Grammar Book

GrammarBook N4 : Noun+ しか+negative (Only)

  • 24 Apr, 2026
  • Com 0
N4-G-010

Noun+ しか+negative (Only)

Supporting / Limitation & Emotion

👀 Layer A: Visual Guide (直感理解)

📝 Quick Summary (まとめ)

「~以外(いがい)はない」という強い制限(せいげん)を表します。「~だけ」と似ていますが、「しか」は「それっぽっちしかない(少なくて残念だ)」というネガティブな感情(かんじょう)を含みます。必ず否定形(ひていけい)(Negative form)の動詞と一緒に使います。
“Shika” means “only” or “nothing but”. Unlike “dake”, it carries a nuance of “not enough” or dissatisfaction. It MUST always be paired with a negative verb.

Structure: [Noun] + しか + Verb (Negative).
Example: 100えん しか ありません (I have *only* 100 yen).

🔗 Connected Grammar (関連文法):

  • N4-G-009: N/V/Adjective+だけ (Only/Just – Neutral/Positive)
  • N5-G-016: ~ません (Negative verbs)

🔍 Layer B: Deepening (深掘り)

💡 Raya’s Hack (攻略法)

「を」と「が」は消えちゃう!
「しか」を使うとき、助詞(じょし)の「を (o)」と「が (ga)」は一緒に使わず、消してしまいます。
* みずを のみます。(I drink water.)
* みずしか のみません。(I drink *only* water.)
「みずをしか」とは言いません! スッキリさせて言いましょう。

When using “shika”, the particles “を (o)” and “が (ga)” are dropped entirely. Do not say “o shika” or “ga shika”. Just replace them with “shika”.

🚧 Joy’s Mistake (よくある間違い)

Scene: Joy is bragging about learning 5 kanji.

Joy: 「ぼくは かんじを 5つしか しっています!」
(Boku wa kanji o itsutsu shika shitte imasu!)

❌ Positive Verb Error!

Why?

「しか」の後ろに肯定形(こうていけい)(Positive verb)を置くことはできません。必ず否定形(Negative verb)にします。
× 5つしか しっています
〇 5つしか しりません (I know *only* five.)
もし肯定形を使いたいなら、「5つだけ しっています」にしましょう!

“Shika” is a magnet for Negative verbs. You can NEVER use a positive verb (like “shitte imasu”) after it. It must be “shika shirimasen”. If you want to use a positive verb, you must use “dake” instead.

🔥 Layer C: Practice Loop

Now it’s time to test your learning through the next 10 practice drills!

Level 1: Attach “Shika”

Q1. Only water (with negative intention)
答え: みず しか
Q2. Only 100 yen (with negative intention)
答え: ひゃくえん しか
Q3. Only apples (with negative intention)
答え: りんご しか
Q4. Only a little (with negative intention)
答え: すこし しか
Q5. Only one (with negative intention)
答え: ひとつ しか

Level 2: Full Sentences (Noun + Shika + Negative)

Q6. I have only 100 yen.
答え: ひゃくえん しか ありません。
Q7. I ate only an apple.
答え: りんご しか たべませんでした。
Q8. I can speak only a little Japanese.
答え: にほんごは すこし しか はなせません。
Q9. There is only one.
答え: ひとつ しか ありません。
Q10. I drank only water.
答え: みず しか のみませんでした。

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Related posts:

GrammarBook N4 : いくらですか (How much?) GrammarBook N4 : Verb(dict form)+とき (When) GrammarBook N4 : Potential verb(-える・ーられる) GrammarBook N4 : Noun/Verb/Adjective+だけ (Only / Just)
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GrammarBook N4 : Noun/Verb/Adjective+だけ (Only / Just)
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