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Grammar Book

GrammarBook N5: ~ます / ~ません

  • 01 Jan, 2026
  • Com 0
N5-G-016

~ます / ~ません (Polite Present)

Core / Verb Conjugation

👀 Layer A: Visual Guide (直感理解)

📝 Quick Summary (まとめ)

動詞(どうし)の丁寧(ていねい)な形です。「ます」はスイッチON(します)。「ません」はスイッチOFF(しません)。
This is the polite form of verbs. “Masu” is positive (I do/will do). “Masen” is negative (I don’t/won’t do).

Affirmative (Yes): [Verb Stem] + ます (masu)
Negative (No): [Verb Stem] + ません (masen)

🔍 Layer B: Deepening (深掘り)

💡 Raya’s Hack (攻略法)

「ません (Masen)」の「ん (N)」は、「No」の「N」だよ!「ん」で終わったら「しない」という意味だと覚えよう!

MaseN ends with an “N”. That “N” stands for “No”! If you hear the heavy “N” at the end, it’s negative.

🚧 Joy’s Mistake (よくある間違い)

Scene: Joy trying to be polite.

Joy: 「私(わたし)は 食べる です!」
(Watashi wa taberu desu!)

❌ Wrong!

Why?

動詞(どうし)に「です」をつけてはいけません。動詞の丁寧語(ていねいご)は「ます」です。「食べます」が正解!

Never add “Desu” to a verb. Verbs have their own polite ending: “Masu”. Correct: “Tabemasu”.

🔥 Layer C: Practice Loop

Now it’s time to test your learning through the next 10 practice drills!

Level 1: Basic (Affirmative vs Negative)

Q1. Tabemasu (Change to Negative) → ?
答え: Tabemasen (食べません)

(I do not eat.)

Q2. Nomimasen (Change to Affirmative) → ?
答え: Nomimasu (飲みます)

(I drink.)

Q3. Ikimasu (Change to Negative) → ?
答え: Ikimasen (行きません)

(I do not go.)

Q4. Shimasen (Change to Affirmative) → ?
答え: Shimasu (します)

(I do.)

Q5. Mimasu (Change to Negative) → ?
答え: Mimasen (見ません)

(I do not watch.)

Level 2: Advanced (Context)

Q6. Translate: “I don’t study.”
答え: 勉強(べんきょう)しません。

(Benkyou shimasen.)

Q7. Translate: “I will go to Japan.”
答え: 日本(にほん)へ 行きます。

(Nihon e ikimasu. *Masu = Future tense too!*)

Q8. “Taberu desu” or “Tabemasu”?
答え: Tabemasu

(Desu is for nouns, Masu is for verbs.)

Q9. Translate: “I don’t drink coffee.”
答え: コーヒーを 飲みません。

(Koohii wo nomimasen.)

Q10. Translate: “I will come.” (Kuru)
答え: 来(き)ます。

(Kimasu. *Irregular verb Kuru → Kimasu*)

Related posts:

GrammarBook N5 : AはBです (A is B) GrammarBook N5: The Particle は (topic marker) GrammarBook N5: The Particle も (also) GrammarBook N5: Japanese Verb groups (u/ru/irregular)
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