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Japanese Learning TIPS

The Difference Between〜ように (yō ni) vs 〜ために (tame ni)|Japanese Grammar (N5–N3)

  • 19 Dec, 2025
  • Com 0
“I study to go to Japan.”
“I study so that I can speak Japanese.”

In Japanese, both sentences express “Purpose.” However, we use different grammar points: ために (tame ni) and ように (yō ni).

  • ために (tame ni): In order to (Strong Will / Action)
  • ように (yō ni): So that (State / Potential / Negative)

Choosing the wrong one is a very common mistake for N4-N3 learners. This article will explain the simple rule to distinguish them!

Usage Explanation ①: 〜ために (tame ni) – “In order to”

ために (tame ni) expresses a strong purpose or goal. The subject *controls* the action.

It is used with Volitional Verbs (Action verbs that you decide to do). It means “I do A *in order to* achieve B.”

Pattern: Dictionary Form + ために

Example 1: (Action)
日本(にほん)へ行(い)くために、貯金(ちょきん)しています。(Nihon e iku tame ni, chokin shite imasu.)

I am saving money in order to go to Japan.

Example 2: (Buying)
車(くるま)を買(か)うために、働(はたら)きます。(Kuruma o kau tame ni, hatarakimasu.)

I work in order to buy a car.

Example 3: (Noun)
家族(かぞく)のために、頑張(がんば)ります。(Kazoku no tame ni, ganbarimasu.)

I do my best for the sake of my family.

Key Point: Use ために when you have a direct “Will” to do the action. (I *will* go, I *will* buy).

Usage Explanation ②: 〜ように (yō ni) – “So that”

ように (yō ni) expresses a wish for a state or result. The focus is on the *outcome*.

It is used with Non-Volitional Verbs. These include:

  • Potential Verbs (Can do… / Hanaseru, Ikeru)
  • Intransitive Verbs (State changes / Naoru, Aku)
  • Negative Forms (Not to… / Wasurenai)

Pattern: Verb (Plain/Potential/Negative) + ように

Example 1: (Potential – Can)
日本語(にほんご)が話(はな)せるように、勉強(べんきょう)します。(Nihongo ga hanaseru yō ni, benkyō shimasu.)

I study so that I can speak Japanese.

Example 2: (Negative – Not to)
忘(わす)れないように、メモします。(Wasurenai yō ni, memo shimasu.)

I take notes so that I don’t forget.

Example 3: (State Change)
病気(びょうき)が治(なお)るように、薬(くすり)を飲(の)みます。(Byōki ga naoru yō ni, kusuri o nomimasu.)

I take medicine so that my illness gets better.

Key Point: If the verb is “Can…” (Potential) or “Not…” (Negative), always use ように.

Comparison: 〜ために vs 〜ように

Check the verb before the particle!

Grammar Meaning Verb Type Example
ために
(tame ni)
In order to
(For the sake of)
Volitional Action
(Will / Do)
行く、食べる、買う
家を買うために
(To buy a house)
ように
(yō ni)
So that
(Target state)
Non-Volitional
1. Potential (Can)
2. Negative (Not)
3. Intransitive (Become)
家が買えるように
(So that I can buy)
忘れないように
(So I don’t forget)

Common Mistake Examples

Mistake 1: Potential verb with “Tame ni”

Wrong:
日本に行けるために、貯金します。(Nihon ni ikeru tame ni…)
Correct:
日本に行けるように、貯金します。(Nihon ni ikeru yō ni…)
Why?
“Ikeru” (Can go) is a state of ability (Potential). You must use ように.

Mistake 2: Negative verb with “Tame ni”

Wrong:
遅(おく)れないために、走(はし)りました。(Okurenai tame ni…)
Correct:
遅(おく)れないように、走(はし)りました。(Okurenai yō ni…)
Why?
For negative purpose (“so that I don’t…”), always use 〜ないように.

Practice Quiz

Let’s check your understanding! Choose the correct one.

Q1.

プロの選手(せんしゅ)に ( ) 、毎日練習(まいにちれんしゅう)しています。

I practice every day to become a pro player.

  1. なるために (naru tame ni)
  2. なるように (naru yō ni)

(Hint: “Become” is a conscious goal here.)

Q2.

後ろ(うしろ)の人(ひと)にも ( ) 、大きな声(こえ)で話(はな)しました。

I spoke loudly so that the people in the back could hear.

  1. 聞こえるために (kikoeru tame ni)
  2. 聞こえるように (kikoeru yō ni)

Q3.

風邪(かぜ)を ( ) 、手(て)を洗(あら)います。

I wash my hands so that I don’t catch a cold.

  1. 引かないために (hikanai tame ni)
  2. 引かないように (hikanai yō ni)

Quiz Answers

Q1. (a) なるために – “Become” (naru) can be volitional here. You are striving for it. (Using ‘yō ni’ is also possible if focusing on the state, but ‘tame ni’ is standard for a strong goal).

Q2. (b) 聞こえるように – “Kikoeru” (be audible) is intransitive/potential nature. It describes a state.

Q3. (b) 引かないように – Negative verb (“Not to catch”). Use ように.

Summary: The Golden Rule

  • ために: I will do it! (Action / Will).
  • ように: So that I can… / So that I don’t… (Potential / Negative / State).

Also, remember 「〜ようにする」 (yō ni suru). It means “to make an effort to do” or “try to do.”
Ex: 野菜(やさい)を食べるようにしています。(I try to eat vegetables.)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use “tame ni” with negative verbs?
A1: No, you usually cannot. If you want to say “so that I do NOT…”, you must use 〜ないように (nai yō ni). Example: 忘れないように (So that I don’t forget).
Q2: What is “〜ようにする” (yō ni suru)?
A2: 〜ようにする means “to make an effort to” or “to try to.” It focuses on creating a habit or a state. Example: 野菜を食べるようにしています (I try to eat vegetables).
Q3: Why is “Japanese ga hanaseru tame ni” wrong?
A3: Because “hanaseru” (can speak) is a Potential Verb (Ability/State). “Tame ni” needs a Volitional Verb (Action). With potential verbs, you must use 〜ように. Correct: 日本語が話せるように…

Related Articles

  • How to Use Potential Verbs (Can do)
  • The Difference Between 「なる」 and 「する」 (Become vs Do)

 

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