“I decided to go to Japan.”
In Japanese, these two situations use different grammar:
- 〜ことにする (koto ni suru): My decision (Active).
- 〜ことになる (koto ni naru): Outside decision / Rule (Passive).
This is related to the difference between する (do) and なる (become). Choosing the wrong one can make you sound bossy or irresponsible. Let’s learn the correct usage!
Usage Explanation ①: 〜ことにする (My Decision)
〜ことにする (koto ni suru) expresses a decision made by yourself (the speaker).
It implies active will and volition. “I choose to do this.”
Pattern: Verb (Dict/Nai) + ことにする
- Example 1: (Diet)
- 明日(あした)から、ダイエットをことにします。(Ashita kara, daietto o koto ni shimasu.)
I decide to start a diet from tomorrow.
- Example 2: (Choice)
- このパソコンを買(か)うことにしました。(Kono pasokon o kau koto ni shimashita.)
I decided to buy this computer. (I chose it.)
- Example 3: (Refusal)
- 今日(きょう)は、パーティーに行(い)かないことにします。(Kyō wa, pātī ni ikanai koto ni shimasu.)
I decide not to go to the party today.
Key Point: Use 〜ことにする when YOU make the choice.
Usage Explanation ②: 〜ことになる (External Decision)
〜ことになる (koto ni naru) expresses a decision made by someone else, a group, or circumstances.
It means “It has been decided,” “It turned out that,” or “The rule is.” Even if you agreed to it, the focus is on the *outcome* rather than your personal will.
Pattern: Verb (Dict/Nai) + ことになる
- Example 1: (Transfer/Work)
- 来月(らいげつ)、東京(とうきょう)へ転勤(てんきん)することになりました。(Raigetsu, Tōkyō e tenkin suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that I will transfer to Tokyo next month. (Company order)
- Example 2: (Group decision)
- 次(つぎ)の会議(かいぎ)は、水曜日(すいようび)に行(おこな)うことになりました。(Tsugi no kaigi wa, suiyōbi ni okonau koto ni narimashita.)
It was decided that the next meeting will be held on Wednesday.
- Example 3: (Rule)
- ここに入(はい)ってはいけないことになっています。(Koko ni haitte wa ikenai koto ni natte imasu.)
It is the rule that you must not enter here.
Key Point: Use 〜ことになる for outcomes determined by others, fate, or rules.
Comparison: 〜ことにする vs 〜ことになる
Who made the decision?
| Grammar | Meaning | Decider | Nuance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 〜ことにする (koto ni suru) |
I decide to… | Me (Speaker) | Active will, Personal choice, Volition. |
| 〜ことになる (koto ni naru) |
It is decided that… | Others / Group / Fate | Passive outcome, Rules, Circumstances. |
Common Mistake Examples
Mistake 1: Company Transfer
- Wrong:
- 来月、アメリカに行(い)くことにしました。(Raigetsu, Amerika ni iku koto ni shimashita.)
- Context:
- If this is a company order (transfer), saying “shimashita” sounds like “I decided (on my own) to go.” It sounds like you are the boss or you requested it.
- Correct:
- 来月、アメリカに行(い)くことになりました。(Raigetsu, Amerika ni iku koto ni narimashita.)
- *It has been arranged (by the company) that I go.
Mistake 2: Personal Goal
- Wrong:
- 毎日(まいにち)ジョギングすることになりました。(Mainichi jogingu suru koto ni narimashita.)
- Why?
- This sounds like someone else forced you to jog, or it’s a strange fate. For personal resolutions, use ことにしました (or ことにしています).
Practice Quiz
Let’s check your understanding! Choose the correct phrase.
Q1.
(レストランでメニューを見(み)て)「私(わたし)は、カレー ( ) 。」
(Looking at a menu) “I ( ) curry.”
- にする / ことにする (ni suru / koto ni suru)
- になる / ことになる (ni naru / koto ni naru)
Q2.
(結婚(けっこん)が決(き)まった時、友達(ともだち)への報告(ほうこく))
「私(わたし)たち、結婚(けっこん)する ( ) 。」
(Reporting to a friend) “We ( ) get married.” (It turned out that way / It’s official)
- ことにしました (koto ni shimashita)
- ことになりました (koto ni narimashita)
Q3.
(医者(いしゃ)に言(い)われて)「お酒(さけ)を飲(の)まない ( ) 。」
(Advised by a doctor) “I ( ) stop drinking.” (My resolution)
- ことにしました (koto ni shimashita)
- ことになりました (koto ni narimashita)
Quiz Answers
Q1. (a) にする / ことにする – You are choosing from the menu. Active choice.
Q2. (b) ことになりました – “We are getting married.” In Japanese, reporting life events often uses “narimashita” to sound humble (it’s a blessing/destiny) or formal.
Q3. (a) ことにしました – Even if the doctor advised it, *you* made the final decision to stop. It is your will.
Summary: Who Decided?
- 私 (Me) decided: 〜ことにする (Active).
- Others / Situation decided: 〜ことになる (Passive / Outcome).
Remember: する (Suru) is “Do” (Active). なる (Naru) is “Become” (Natural).
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Q1: What is “〜ことにしている” (shite iru)?
- A1: This is the continuous form of “koto ni suru.” It means “I make it a rule to…” or “I am in the habit of…” It describes a routine you decided for yourself. Example: 毎日野菜を食べることにしています (I make it a rule to eat vegetables every day).
- Q2: What is “〜ことになっている” (natte iru)?
- A2: This is the continuous form of “koto ni naru.” It expresses a Rule, Law, or Schedule that is already fixed. Example: 教室では日本語を話すことになっています (The rule is to speak Japanese in the classroom).
- Q3: Can I use “koto ni suru” for company decisions?
- A3: Only if *you* are the boss who made the decision. If you are an employee reporting a decision, you should use 〜ことになりました (It has been decided/arranged). Using “shimashita” sounds like you are the one in control.
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