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Grammar Book

GrammarBook N5: ~ませんか

  • 12 Jan, 2026
  • Com 0
N5-G-032

~ませんか (Won’t you?)

Core / Invitation

👀 Layer A: Visual Guide (直感理解)

📝 Quick Summary (まとめ)

相手(あいて)を丁寧(ていねい)に誘(さそ)う表現です。「~ましょう」よりも相手の都合(つごう)を配慮(はいりょ)した、「もしよかったら~しませんか?」というニュアンスです。
This is a polite way to invite someone (“Won’t you…?”). It is more polite than “Mashou” because it uses a negative question form, giving the listener space to decline.

Structure: [Verb Stem] + ませんか (masen ka).

🔗 Connected Grammar (関連文法):

  • N5-G-031: ~ましょう (Let’s – Active suggestion)
  • N5-G-015: Verb Groups (Masu Stem)

🔍 Layer B: Deepening (深掘り)

💡 Raya’s Hack (攻略法)

「断(ことわ)るスキ」を与えるのが日本の礼儀(れいぎ)!
「行きましょう(Let’s go)」は「No」と言いにくいよね。
でも「行きませんか(Won’t you go?)」なら、「うーん、今日はちょっと…」と断りやすい。
相手を大切に思うときは、必ず「ませんか」を使おう!

In Japan, politeness means giving the other person space to refuse. “Mashou” puts pressure on them. “Masenka” gives them an easy exit (“Well, not today…”). Use this for superiors or dates!

🚧 Joy’s Mistake (よくある間違い)

Scene: Joy asks Ken to eat lunch.

Joy: 「お昼(ひる)を 食べますか?」
(Ohiru o tabemasu ka?)

⚠️ Not quite right!

Why?

間違いではありませんが、「食べますか?」は単なる質問(食べる?食べない?)です。
「一緒に食べようよ!」と誘うときは、否定形を使って「食べませんか?」と言います。

“Tabemasu ka” is just a question (“Will you eat?”). To make it an INVITATION (“Won’t you eat with me?”), you must use the negative “Tabe-masen ka?”.

🔥 Layer C: Practice Loop

Now it’s time to test your learning through the next 10 practice drills!

Level 1: Won’t you…?

Q1. Ikimasu (Go) → Invitation
答え: 行きませんか? (Ikimasen ka?)

(Won’t you go?)

Q2. Tabemasu (Eat) → Invitation
答え: 食べませんか? (Tabemasen ka?)

(Won’t you eat?)

Q3. Mimasu (Watch) → Invitation
答え: 見ませんか? (Mimasen ka?)

(Won’t you watch?)

Q4. Nomimasu (Drink) → Invitation
答え: 飲みませんか? (Nomimasen ka?)

(Won’t you drink?)

Q5. Shimasu (Do) → “Won’t you play tennis?” (Tennis o…)
答え: テニスを しませんか? (Tenisu o shimasen ka?)

(Suru -> Shimasen ka)

Level 2: Real Life Scenarios

Q6. Translate: “Won’t you have lunch together?” (Issho ni, Hirugohan)
答え: 一緒に 昼ご飯を 食べませんか?

(Issho ni hirugohan o tabemasen ka?)

Q7. Translate: “Won’t you go to Kyoto tomorrow?”
答え: 明日(あした)、京都(きょうと)へ 行きませんか?

(Ashita, Kyoto e ikimasen ka?)

Q8. Translate: “Won’t you take a break?” (Yasumu)
答え: 休みませんか?

(Yasumimasen ka?)

Q9. Translate: “Won’t you buy this?”
答え: これを 買いませんか?

(Kore o kaimasen ka?)

Q10. Translate: “Won’t you come to my house?” (Uchi, Kuru)
答え: うちへ 来(き)ませんか?

(Uchi e kimasen ka?)

Related posts:

GrammarBook N5 : AはBです (A is B) GrammarBook N5: The Particle も (also) GrammarBook N5: い-adjectives GrammarBook N5: ~たいです
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