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Grammar Book

GrammarBook N5: あります / います

  • 02 Jan, 2026
  • Com 0
N5-G-018

があります / います (Existence)

Core / Verbs

👀 Layer A: Visual Guide (直感理解)

📝 Quick Summary (まとめ)

1. 目的(もくてき): 「あります/います」は、人や物が「そこに存在する (There is…)」こと、または「持っている (I have…)」ことを表します。
2. 使い分け: 生きているかどうかで動詞が変わります。
1. Purpose: To state “Existence” (There is X) or “Possession” (I have X).
2. Usage: You must switch the verb based on whether the object is alive or not.

  • あります (Arimasu): Non-living things (Objects, Plants, Places).
  • います (Imasu): Living things (People, Animals, Insects).
🔗 Connected Grammar (関連文法):

  • N5-G-019: AはBにあります (Location Sentence)
  • N5-G-001: AはBです (Basic Sentence)

🔍 Layer B: Deepening (深掘り)

💡 Raya’s Hack (攻略法)

「心臓(しんぞう)があるか?」「自分で動(うご)けるか?」で判断(はんだん)しよう!
人や動物は動くから「います」。
車や木は自分で動かないから「あります」だよ!

Ask yourself: “Does it have a heartbeat?” or “Can it move by itself?”
People/Animals move → Imasu.
Cars/Trees don’t move on their own → Arimasu.

🚧 Joy’s Mistake (よくある間違い)

Scene: Joy pointing at Ken.

Joy: 「あそこに ケンさんが あります。」
(Asoko ni Ken-san ga arimasu.)

❌ Wrong!

Why?

人(ひと)に「あります」を使うと、まるでモノや死体(したい)みたいに聞こえます!生きている人には必ず「います」を使いましょう。

Using “arimasu” for a person sounds like they are an object or a corpse! Always use “imasu” for living people.

🔥 Layer C: Practice Loop

Now it’s time to test your learning through the next 10 practice drills!

Level 1: Basic (Living vs. Non-Living)

Q1. Pen (ペン) ___ .
答え: arimasu (あります)

(Object)

Q2. Neko (Cat) ___ .
答え: imasu (います)

(Living Animal)

Q3. Sensei (Teacher) ___ .
答え: imasu (います)

(Person)

Q4. Kuruma (Car) ___ .
答え: arimasu (あります)

(Non-living machine)

Q5. Ki (Tree) ___ .
答え: arimasu (あります)

(Plants do not move voluntarily -> Arimasu)

Level 2: Advanced (Sentences)

Q6. 部屋に テレビが ___。(There is a TV in the room.)
答え: あります (arimasu)

(TV is an object)

Q7. 教室(きょうしつ)に 学生が ___。(There are students in the classroom.)
答え: います (imasu)

(Students are people)

Q8. 公園(こうえん)に 犬が ___。(There is a dog in the park.)
答え: います (imasu)

(Dog is an animal)

Q9. あそこに コンビニが ___。(There is a convenience store over there.)
答え: あります (arimasu)

(Building/Place)

Q10. Translate: “Is there a toilet?” (Toire…)
答え: トイレは ありますか? / トイレが ありますか?

(Toire wa/ga arimasu ka?)

Related posts:

GrammarBook N5 : AはBです (A is B) GrammarBook N5: The Particle は (topic marker) GrammarBook N5: The Particle も (also) GrammarBook N5: Japanese Verb groups (u/ru/irregular)
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N5
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