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Grammar Book

GrammarBook N5: ใช-adjectives

  • 09 Jan, 2026
  • Com 0
N5-G-021

ใช-Adjectives (Present & Negative)

Supporting / Adjectives

๐Ÿ‘€ Layer A: Visual Guide (็›ดๆ„Ÿ็†่งฃ)

๐Ÿ“ Quick Summary (ใพใจใ‚)

ใ€Œใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏใ€Œๅ่ฉž(ใ‚ใ„ใ—)ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
ๅฆๅฎšๅฝข(ใฒใฆใ„ใ‘ใ„)ใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œ๏ฝžใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Na-Adjectives behave almost exactly like Nouns. To make them negative, add “ja arimasen” (or “dewa arimasen”).

Positive: ใใ‚Œใ„ ใงใ™ (Kirei desu)
Negative: ใใ‚Œใ„ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (Kirei ja arimasen)

๐Ÿ”— Connected Grammar (้–ข้€ฃๆ–‡ๆณ•):

  • N5-G-020: ใ„-Adjectives (The “i” type)
  • N5-G-002: ๏ฝžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (Negative Noun)

๐Ÿ” Layer B: Deepening (ๆทฑๆŽ˜ใ‚Š)

๐Ÿ’ก Raya’s Hack (ๆ”ป็•ฅๆณ•)

ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ„ (Kirei)ใ€ใจใ€Œๆœ‰ๅ (Yumei)ใ€ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ๏ผ
ใ€Œใ„ใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™๏ผ
ร— ใใ‚Œใใชใ„
ใ€‡ ใใ‚Œใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“

Trap Alert! “Kirei” and “Yumei” end in “i”, so they look like i-adjectives. But they are imposters! They are Na-adjectives. Never say “Kire-kunai”. Use “Kirei ja arimasen”.

๐Ÿšง Joy’s Mistake (ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„)

Scene: Joy says the town is not quiet.

Joy: ใ€Œใ“ใฎ็”บใฏ ้™ใ‹ใใชใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
(Kono machi wa shizuka-kunai desu.)

โŒ Wrong!

Why?

ใ€Œ้™ใ‹ (Shizuka)ใ€ใฏใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใใชใ„ใ€ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผๅ่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œ้™ใ‹ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

“Shizuka” is a Na-adjective. You cannot use “kunai”. Treat it like a noun: “Shizuka ja arimasen”.

๐Ÿ”ฅ Layer C: Practice Loop

Now itโ€™s time to test your learning through the next 10 practice drills!

Level 1: Basic Conjugation

Q1. Genki (Healthy) โ†’ Negative?
็ญ”ใˆ: Genki ja arimasen (ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)

(Like a noun)

Q2. Hima (Free time) โ†’ Negative?
็ญ”ใˆ: Hima ja arimasen (ๆš‡ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)

(Not free)

Q3. Kirei (Clean/Beautiful) โ†’ Negative?
็ญ”ใˆ: Kirei ja arimasen (ใใ‚Œใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)

(Trap! It’s Na-adj)

Q4. Shinsetsu (Kind) โ†’ Negative?
็ญ”ใˆ: Shinsetsu ja arimasen (่ฆชๅˆ‡ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)

(Not kind)

Q5. Yumei (Famous) โ†’ Negative?
็ญ”ใˆ: Yumei ja arimasen (ๆœ‰ๅใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“)

(Trap! It’s Na-adj)

Level 2: Advanced (Sentences)

Q6. Translate: “The teacher is kind.” (Shinsetsu)
็ญ”ใˆ: ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ(ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„)ใฏ ่ฆชๅˆ‡(ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใค) ใงใ™ใ€‚

(Sensei wa shinsetsu desu.)

Q7. Translate: “This room is quiet.” (Shizuka)
็ญ”ใˆ: ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹(ใธใ‚„)ใฏ ้™(ใ—ใš)ใ‹ ใงใ™ใ€‚

(Kono heya wa shizuka desu.)

Q8. Translate: “I am not free (time).” (Hima)
็ญ”ใˆ: ๆš‡(ใฒใพ) ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

(Hima ja arimasen.)

Q9. Translate: “That singer is famous.” (Kashu, Yumei)
็ญ”ใˆ: ใใฎๆญŒๆ‰‹(ใ‹ใ—ใ‚…)ใฏ ๆœ‰ๅ(ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„) ใงใ™ใ€‚

(Sono kashu wa yumei desu.)

Q10. Translate: “Vegetables are not liked (hated).” (Yasai, Kirai)
็ญ”ใˆ: ้‡Ž่œ(ใ‚„ใ•ใ„)ใฏ ๅซŒ(ใใ‚‰)ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

(Yasai wa kirai desu. *Kirai is also a Na-adj!*)

Related posts:

GrammarBook N5 : AใฏBใงใ™ (A is B) GrammarBook N5: The Particle ใฏ (topic marker) GrammarBook N5: The Particle ใ‚‚ (also) GrammarBook N5: ใ„-adjectives
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GrammarBook N5: ๏ฝžใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ (The Polite Request)

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