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Grammar Book

GrammarBook N5: Plain Present Form in Japanese

  • 29 Jan, 2026
  • Com 0
N5-G-049

Plain Present Form (Casual Speech)

Supporting / Casual Speech

👀 Layer A: Visual Guide (直感理解)

📝 Quick Summary (まとめ)

友達や家族と話すときの「タメ口(カジュアル)」の形です。「ます形」ではなく「辞書形(Dictionary Form)」を使います。
This is the casual form used with friends and family. Instead of the polite “Masu-form”, we use the “Dictionary Form” (Plain Form). It’s also the base for many grammar structures.

Polite: 食べます (Tabemasu)
Casual: 食べる (Taberu)

🔗 Connected Grammar (関連文法):

  • N5-G-016: ~ます / ~ません (Polite Form)
  • N5-G-050: Plain Past Form (Casual Past)

🔍 Layer B: Deepening (深掘り)

💡 Raya’s Hack (攻略法)

質問は「か」を消して、音を上げる!
カジュアルな会話では「~か?」は使いません(ちょっと偉そうに聞こえます)。
代わりに、文の最後を上げて発音します。
× 食べるか? (Taberu ka?) – 偉そう (Bossy)
〇 食べる?⤴ (Taberu?) – 自然 (Natural)
答えるときは下げるだけ。「うん、食べる⤵」。

In casual speech, don’t use “KA” for questions. Just raise your intonation at the end. “Taberu? ⤴” (Do you eat?). To answer, lower it. “Taberu. ⤵” (I eat).

🚧 Joy’s Mistake (よくある間違い)

Scene: Joy talks to a stranger on the street.

Joy: 「駅は どこにある?」
(Eki wa doko ni aru?)

❌ Too Rude!

Why?

知らない人には必ず「ます形(丁寧語)」を使います。いきなりタメ口(普通形)を使うのは失礼です。
正解は「駅は どこに ありますか?」です。

Always use Polite Form (Masu) with strangers. Using Plain Form immediately is considered rude or childish. Correct: “Eki wa doko ni arimasu ka?”.

🔥 Layer C: Practice Loop

Now it’s time to test your learning through the next 10 practice drills!

Level 1: Masu -> Plain (Dictionary Form)

Q1. Tabemasu (Eat)
答え: 食べる (Taberu)

(Group 2)

Q2. Ikimasu (Go)
答え: 行く (Iku)

(Group 1: Ki -> Ku)

Q3. Nomimasu (Drink)
答え: 飲む (Nomu)

(Group 1: Mi -> Mu)

Q4. Shimasu (Do)
答え: する (Suru)

(Irregular)

Q5. Kimasu (Come)
答え: 来る (Kuru)

(Irregular)

Level 2: Casual Conversation (Q&A)

Q6. Convert to Casual: “Ashita mimasu ka?” (Will you watch tomorrow?)
答え: 明日 見る? (Ashita miru? ⤴)

(Drop Ka, Raise tone)

Q7. Convert to Casual: “Hai, mimasu.” (Yes, I will watch.)
答え: うん、見る。 (Un, miru. ⤵)

(Hai -> Un / Mimasu -> Miru)

Q8. Convert to Casual: “Kore wa nan desu ka?” (What is this?)
答え: これ(は)何? (Kore (wa) nani?)

(Drop desu ka. Nani?)

Q9. Convert to Casual: “Itsu ikimasu ka?” (When will you go?)
答え: いつ 行く? (Itsu iku? ⤴)

(Ikimasu ka -> Iku?)

Q10. Convert to Casual: “Kyo wa isogashii desu.” (I am busy today.)
答え: 今日は 忙しい。 (Kyou wa isogashii.)

(Drop desu for i-adjectives)

Related posts:

GrammarBook N5 : AはBです (A is B) GrammarBook N5: The Particle も (also) GrammarBook N5: い-adjectives GrammarBook N5: ~たいです
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GrammarBook N5: ~たり~たりします
GrammarBook N5: Plain Past Form in Japanese
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