Joy acting as a representative [To shite] vs. Joy having dual roles [Ni shite]“I work as a teacher.” vs “He is a teacher and also a writer.”
In Japanese, 〜として (To shite) and 〜にして (Ni shite) look similar, but their meanings are quite different. Let’s learn how to use them to describe roles and special conditions!
🗣 Conversation Scene
Joy is introducing a famous person to Ken.
Joy
この人は、医者(いしゃ)として 働(はたら)いています。
(This person works “as” a doctor.)
(This person works “as” a doctor.)
Ken
知(し)っています!彼は医者 にして 歌手(かしゅ)でもありますよね。
(I know! He is a doctor “and also” a singer, right?)
(I know! He is a doctor “and also” a singer, right?)
💡 Explanation
Both attach to Nouns.
Point 1: 〜として (To shite) = As / In the capacity of
Use this to define a Role, Position, or Category. It states “from the standpoint of X.”
- 留学生(りゅうがくせい)として 日本(にほん)に来(き)ました。
(I came to Japan as an international student.) - 趣味(しゅみ)として ピアノを 弾(ひ)きます。
(I play the piano as a hobby.)
Point 2: 〜にして (Ni shite) = And also / At (Level)
This is a more literary or emphatic expression (N3/N2). It has two main nuances:
- Dual Role: “He is A, and at the same time B.”
- Emphasizing a Stage: “Only at (this level/time)…”
- 彼は 社長(しゃちょう)にして 天才(てんさい)エンジニアです。
(He is a company president AND a genius engineer.) - この問題(もんだい)は、先生(せんせい)にして 間違(まちが)えました。
(Even the teacher [at the level of a teacher] made a mistake on this problem.)
📊 Comparison
🚧 Joy’s Mistake
❌ Wrong: 私は 学生(がくせい)にして 勉強(べんきょう)します。
(This sounds unnatural. If you just mean “I study in the role of a student”, use “To shite”.)
✅ Right: 私は 学生(がくせい)として 勉強(べんきょう)します。
(I study as a student.)
🔥 Practice Quiz
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