What are the differences between formal and informal Japanese?
There are two types of Japanese:
- Formal
- Informal
Formal Japanese is used in conversations with superiors or people you are not very close to, in business situations, and in public situations. It is characterized by polite and formal expressions.
Informal Japanese is used in conversations with close friends and in everyday situations. Casual expressions and abbreviations are often used, and the atmosphere is more relaxed than formal Japanese.
Here are some specific examples:
Expression | Formal Japanese | Informal Japanese
Greeting | こんにちは。はじめまして。 | やあ。はじめまして。
Thanking | ありがとうございます。 | ありがとう。
Request | お願いします。 | 頼む。
Questioning | わかりません。 | わかんない。
Referring to oneself | 私 | ぼく| わたし
Referring to others | あなた | あなた・君・お前
Learning Tips for Foreigners
When foreigners are learning Japanese, it is recommended to not initially distinguish between formal and informal Japanese. This is because it is essential to build a strong foundation in grammar and vocabulary first.
Once you can speak Japanese to some extent, you should start using formal and informal Japanese appropriately according to the situation (TPO: Time, Place, Occasion).
Native Japanese speakers also switch between these forms regularly in their daily lives.
Summary
- Japanese has two types: formal and informal.
- Foreigners are recommended to start by learning the basics without worrying about the distinction.
- As proficiency improves, use formal and informal Japanese according to the situation.
Understanding the context and the appropriate use of formal and informal language is key to effective communication in Japanese.
